classification Perissodactyla=odd toes rhino tapir; even=deer/pig, hippo/whale.
Equus ferus=horse, asses: donkey, zebra; other Equidae extinct! Hominidae=apes, order Primates. APPEARANCE deceiving!

tree PREVIEW video exercise which is from PHELAN ebook, may need to CLICK for fullscreen.
Do SELF quiz: bird & mammal=tetrapods!
phylogeny SAY monophyletic. Phylum Chordata -> Class Mammalia; milk must have 4 legs, can lose legs! I have white hair.
HAIR; keratin/skin. Humpback bumps tubercles -> follicle sweat/sebaceous glands, nipples.
WHALE is a mammal, sings. Milk: prolactin; oxytocin let-down. Snake=eel=worm, lizard wo legs: python Sonic hedgehog?
Starfish 5 arms BILATERAL middle arm like unicorn, Cyclops. How snakes lost their legs: Sonic Hedgehog mutation How whales lost their hind legs: comparative embryology (and Sonic Hedgehog) Explore the tree of life Tree of Life Explorer
PBS-YourInnerFish INNERMONKEY 43:10 3 month-old Pig-tailed Macaque object permanance; 47:25 shark brain
INNERFISH 38:40 Fruit fly; 39:50 Sonic Hedgehog gene; 40:40 chick digits; 42:30 human hand
clade Bring BIRD skeleton in 1305. Gotta invite all to reunion! Reptiles + turtles, snakes. Archaeopteryx the feathered dinosaur grows like a dinosaur, not a bird
convergent Common ancestor of birds & insects = Bilaleteria -> Nephrozoa (coelom) -> protostome & deuterostome 500 MYA.
analogous Afrotheria 100 MYA in Africa - I just learned myself of THIS convergent example.
FLASH hyena like lion; wolf & wild dogs NONRETRACTABLE convergent evolution!
BIOGEOGRAPHY where do Asian elephants come from (Forest/Savannah)? Mammoths had MOLARS like bats; Beringia 15 KYA. Asian-American Land Bridge (Beringia) - for mammoths and humans
domains No PROKARYA; 3.6 BYA (Earth 4.6) MAP animals! What's WRONG with picture? 3 Protists!
Play Phelan video on micro/macro evo -> Woes rRNA domains, horizontal gene transfer, viruses
speciation-allopatric SPECIATION means how arise? ERRATA grassquit/tanager 2.3 MYA, not the ONLY finch Tiaris obscura!
speciation-sympatric strawberries, oysters, cotton, cacoa; Tragopogon=goatsbeard SUNFLOWER family Triploid Watermelon: artificial selection with Colchicine Triploid Oysters: cannot reproduce, but grow fast Tragopogon: Understanding the evolution of polyploidy Polyploidy everywhere 3:00-4:40 sugar cane, banana, cotton, cacoa, wheat, strawberry; oysters
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