Darwin Survey ocean around S. America, 23 years; Genesis Earth day 3, sun,moon day 4
NATGEO-DarwinsSecretNotebooks/#29:00 Coral atoll-31:00 how are islands colonized: birds FEET! Charles Darwin biography (Discovery Education)
fossil Glyptodontinae subfamily, Doedicurus genus spiked tail. Pleistocene (2 M - 10K) 2K kg * 2.2=4400 lbs; Prius=3K.
finches Darwin thought finches, blackbirds, gross-beaks. Tiaris obscura, a grassquit/tanager 2.3 MYA. 600 mi (1000 km) w of Ecuador. Darwin expertise barnacles Vampire Finch: this Ground Finch is annoying but resourceful
evolve Albinistic tigers: selective inbreeding, trading/migration. Individual don't EVOLVE. http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/albinos.html
drift_ss White-spotting is like PIEBALD horses & dogs: fail migration of pigment cells in embryo. 1 child homo recessive (lower right)=1/4; inbreeding=true-breeding; do PUNNETT for artificial selection.
bottleneck Get BOTTLENECK lab, no diversity: BANANA clones. The extinct banana: perils of genetic fixation
migration SAY gene FLOW migration; DEMOGRAPHICS!
natural_selection descent with modification first mentioned in finches.html.
natural-variation ALDEHYDE dehydrogenase; lactase
natural-reproductive Not PERFECT selection on fox? Also hearing, smell, sight.
artificial_selection wild cabbage=wild MUSTARD turkey's foot 4 toes. Collecting turkey semen: it's a dirty job (male cloaca and phallus) Collecting turkey semen Inseminating turkeys: they can't do it (female cloaca: oviduct and poop hole) Inseminating turkeys Caspian Terns cloacal kiss: how they do it Darwin's pigeons: artificial selection
adaptation WHY do porcupines have QUILLS why Rabbits fast? Keratin like hair, skin. All about REPRODUCTIVE fit. Not PERFECT face, underside exposed to coyotes, foxes! How mate?
biogeography SAY biogeography: Asians, penguins! Also Galapagos, Hawaii honeycreepers. Asians black hair.
Gondwana break from Pangaea 200 MYA; OPPOSUM n America Monito del Monte: a South American marsupial Plate tectonics animation
fossil_bird 150 MYA; has TEETH claws! Discovered 2 years after origin, Darwin in 4th edition.
What is HERPETOLOGIST get BIRD skeleton rm 1305: reptile even though warm-blooded! Terrestrial vertebrates: (amphibians reptiles) mammals birds CLOACA. Dinosaur/bird 4 toes (lost 1), lost teeth! Feathers keratin like scales, claws. Not all birds fly. Archaeopteryx: the feathered dinosaur Birds Lost Their Teeth over 100 Million Years Ago - genome data December 2014
fossil_fish Discovered 2004. Coelacanth 1938. Bring MARKERS can also predict lobe-fins more like frogs; pectoral pelvic fins. Ray-finned SKELETON do not have arm-like joints.
anatomical-vestigial Panda bear carnassial teeth (upper premolar + lower molar), Moles BLIND eyes
anatomical-homologous Whale fossiles by MAP upper right. Bat ulna=vestigial, Hippo 4 toes, horse 1. Whale 2 limbs, snake/lizard like slug/snail (HOX)
Bird 4 toes, 3 fingers (alula "thumb" is finger 2)
PBS-YourInnerFish 39:50 Sonic Hedgehog gene; 40:40 chick digits; 42:30 human hand Whales and hippos, oh my: show me the intermediate fossils (University of Nebraska State Museum) Ancient walking whale with hooves discovered in Peru - 43 million years old (April 2019)
anatomical-convergent Bird 4 digits; sunbird=perching 3 toes front, 1 back; hummingbird=Apodiformes (swifts) Analogous bird beaks: convergent evolution between hummingbird and sunbird
anatomical-embryonic 2nd pouch MIDDLE ear.
PBS-YourInnerFish/#26:00
26:00 single egg, 26:30 embryo, 28:04 gill arches (lower jaw, middle ear, voice box); start 17:55 Ichthyostega (not Tiktaalik)
29:30 cold-blooded fish gonads/testicles are inside -> hernia Homologous structures: Hox gene in embryos (What Darwin Didn't Know)
molecular NO diff human/chimp 13 MYA; gorilla 1 diff! Lamprey 564 MYA see SAVE graph.
perfect These med. ground finches PERFECTLY adapted; drought 1977; BLIND spot! Men nipples? On autosome, sweat/sebaceous glands.
YT 3:00 - 3:13 is Mockingbird, 5:20 DNA 6:13 Nazca Booby 6:25 nets Galapagos Finch Evolution: Peter and Rosemary Grant Blind spot test: imperfect adaptation for sight Evolution of of human color vision: duplication and mutation of opsin gene Why do men have nipples?: not all traits are perfect or are adaptations
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