Darwin Survey ocean around S. America, 23 years; Genesis Earth day 3, sun,moon day 4
NATGEO-DarwinsSecretNotebooks/#29:00 Coral atoll-31:00 how are islands colonized: birds FEET! Charles Darwin biography (Discovery Education)
fossil Glyptodontinae subfamily, Doedicurus genus spiked tail. Pleistocene (2 M - 10K) 2K kg * 2.2=4400 lbs; Prius=3K.
finches Darwin thought finches, blackbirds, gross-beaks. Tiaris obscura, a grassquit/tanager 2.3 MYA. 600 mi (1000 km) w of Ecuador. Darwin expertise barnacles Vampire Finch: annoying but resourceful
evolve Albinistic tigers: selective inbreeding, trading/migration. Individual don't EVOLVE. http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/albinos.html
drift_ss PIEBALD horses & dogs: fail migration of pigment cells in embryo. 1 child homo recessive (lower right)=1/4; inbreeding=true-breeding.
bottleneck Get BOTTLENECK lab, no diversity: BANANA clones. The extinct banana: perils of genetic fixation
migration SAY gene FLOW migration; DEMOGRAPHICS!
natural_selection descent with modification first mentioned in finches.html.
natural-variation ALDEHYDE dehydrogenase; lactase
natural-reproductive Not PERFECT selection on fox? Also hearing, smell, sight.
artificial_selection wild cabbage=wild MUSTARD turkey's foot 4 toes. Collecting turkey semen: it's a dirty job (male cloaca and phallus) Collecting turkey semen Inseminating turkeys: they can't do it (female cloaca: oviduct and poop hole) Inseminating turkeys Caspian Terns cloacal kiss: how they do it Darwin's pigeons: artificial selection
adaptation KERATIN likes kair, skin. All about REPRODUCTIVE fit. Not PERFECT face, underside exposed to coyotes, foxes! How mate?
biogeography SAY biogeography! OPPOSUM. Also Galapagos, Hawaii honeycreepers. Asians black hair.
Gondwana break from Pangaea 200 MYA; S. America shrew opossums Monito del Monte: a South American marsupial Plate tectonics animation
fossil_bird 150 MYA; has TEETH claws! Discovered 2 years after origin, Darwin in 4th edition.
Get BIRD skeleton rm 1305: reptile even though warm-blooded! CLOACA. Dinosaur/bird 4 toes (lost 1), lost teeth! Feathers keratin like scales, nails, claws. Archaeopteryx: the feathered dinosaur Birds Lost Their Teeth over 100 Million Years Ago - genome data December 2014
fossil_fish MARKERS Can also predict lobe-fins more like frogs; dolphns fish? Ray-finned SKELETON: no arm-like joints. Coelacanth 1938.
anatomical-vestigial Panda bear carnassial teeth (upper premolar + lower molar), Moles BLIND eyes
anatomical-homologous HOMO Bat ulna=vestigial, Hippo 4 toes, horse 1. Whale 2 limbs, snake/lizard like slug/snail (HOX)
Bird 4 toes, 3 fingers (alula "thumb" is finger 2)
PBS-YourInnerFish 39:50 Sonic Hedgehog gene; 40:40 chick digits; 42:30 human hand Whales and hippos, oh my: show me the intermediate fossils (University of Nebraska State Museum)
anatomical-convergent Bird 4 digits; sunbird=perching 3 toes front, 1 back; hummingbird=Apodiformes (swifts) Analogous bird beaks: convergent evolution between hummingbird and sunbird
anatomical-embryonic 2nd pouch MIDDLE ear.
PBS-YourInnerFish/#26:00
26:00 single egg, 26:30 embryo, 28:04 gill arches (lower jaw, middle ear, voice box); start 17:55 Ichthyostega (not Tiktaalik)
29:30 cold-blooded fish gonads/testicles are inside -> hernia Homologous structures: Hox gene in embryos (What Darwin Didn't Know)
molecular NO diff human/chimp 13 MYA; gorilla 1 diff! Lamprey 564 MYA see SAVE graph.
perfect These med. ground finches PERFECTLY adapted; drought 1977; BLIND spot!
YT 3:00 - 3:13 is Mockingbird, 5:20 DNA 6:13 Nazca Booby 6:25 nets Galapagos Finch Evolution: Peter and Rosemary Grant Blind spot test: imperfect adaptation for sight
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