cell_theory Fatal FLAW first cell?
cell 500 nm = .5 µm as shown. Eukaryotes 10-100 µm (hydra stalk 150) How many cells do you have?
prokaryotic SAY proteins made by ribosomes (read figure: genetic info=DNA). DNA inherited from parents: do bacteria have PARENTS?
Nitrobacter nitrite into nitrate. E. coli, Streptococcus, Salmonella;
PLASMID=virus
bilayer Hydrocarbon MOLYMOD tail
fluid_mosaic Fluid CHOLESTEROL can fold, fuse. CARBOHYDRATE added to glycoproteins. Blood sugar -> insulin(exocytosis from pancreas) for cell uptake.
Liver not insulin-dependent uptake; glucagon glycogen -> glucose.
PLAY insulin first (but only 1st part), then Adrenaline ch05: GDP-GTP, ADP-ATP, liver release glucose from GLYCOGEN (adrenal glands top of kidneys).
By binding to adrenaline receptors, beta-blockers reduce anxiety symptoms. Plasma membrane: fluid mosaic model Pancreas, glucose, and liver: role of insulin receptors Action of epinephrine (adrenaline): role of beta-adrenergic receptors, diffusion, ATP, glycogen, glucose
nucleus review RIBOSOMES in prokaryotes, NUCLEAR family=parents+kids
endomembrane Lysosomes (removed) complete the cycle. Also endosomes.
ER carbohydrate/lipid not shown here: glycogen made in LIVER and hydrolize in SER; 9 essential amino acids from food.
"within cytoplasm" "little net"; repeat synthesis defined in chap02.
Alcohol abuse -> tolerance to other drugs: more smooth ER in liver! Add hydroxyl groups -> soluble.
Golgi transportation/distribution center P Office, fluid_mosaic: carbohydrate chains to glycoproteins; also makes carbohydrates.
mitochondrion SAY liver and MUSCLE cells need energy. Mitochondrial DNA: tracing human ancestry Mitochondrial DNA maternal; no variation; See 3-parent BABY in ch05/cloned, ch06/sexual_cycle
chloroplast Chloroplasts in Elodea: streaming
vacuole like BLADDER - osmosis, pigments, make poison
cell_wall TOILET ch03/cellulose in fruits/veggies - plants TERMITES eat wood, carpenter ants nest in wood!
cytoskeleton Micro & intermediate filaments; Cytoskeleton diversity: microtubules Cell crawling: neutrophil on the chase Cell crawling: fibroblasts on the loose Organelle movement along microtubule: kinesin walking, powered by ADP/ATP PLAY kinesin walking in ch04: ADP/ATP power
diffusion GRADIENT: lie a BALL rolling down folder. JUICE diffusion: agar binding agent.
osmosis Reverse: reclaim wastewater in CA; rm contaminants; pump thru membrane. Desalination Middle East. Your kidney at work: osmosis, diffusion, active transport in a nephron
osmotic TOILET cellulose. Can u DRINK lake or sea water? Fish PEE.
CELERY NaCL/distilled. Can we drink seawater? Reverse osmosis: desalinating seawater
active_transport Sodium Potassium Pump: active transport
endocytosis MARKERS not INSIDE yet! Influenzavirus A more common than B or C, RNA virus. Amoeba eats two paramecia: by endocytosis How a flu virus invades your body: by binding to membrane proteins Endocytosis of LDL Cholesterol: to make new membranes, via vesicles and endosomes
Liver LDL receptors rm LDL, move cholesterol from liver to tissues.
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