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Part 2: The Living Cell How Cells Acquire Energy Review
  1. Photosynthesis transforms energy into the chemical energy of , and can take place in cyanobacteria, algae, and .
     
     
     
     
  2. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the in two steps: the light- reactions and the light- reactions (Calvin cycle).
     
     
     
     
  3. Groups of pigments called complexes are embedded in membranes and organized into with embedded proteins.
     
     
     
     
  4. Light energy captured in the photosystems is used to excite that are passed to two electron transport .
     
     
     
     
  5. In the first electron transport system, a pump pumps hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane to create a concentration gradient.
     
     
     
     
  6. The protons diffuse back by through specialized channel proteins called ATP to generate ATP.
     
     
     
     
  7. In the second electron transport system, NADP+ is reduced to produce , which will carry the high-energy electron to the cycle.
     
     
     
     
  8. The Calvin cycle occurs in the of chloroplasts, and use products of the light-dependent reactions, ATP and , to build carbohydrates from CO2.
     
     
     
     
  9. Cellular respiration is the process of harvesting from molecules and storing the energy in ATP.
     
     
     
     
  10. Cellular respiration is composed of two stages: occurs in the and occurs in .
     
     
     
     
  11. In glycolysis is broken down into two three-carbon molecules, yielding a net of molecules of ATP per glucose.
     
     
     
     
  12. The pyruvates are passed into the where they are converted into , which enters the cycle (citric acid cycle), which
     
     
     
     
  13. In the Krebs cycle, each pyruvate molecule yields molecule of ATP, and several electron carrier molecules of and .
     
     
     
     
  14. The energy stored in NADH and is harvested by the electron transport to make by chemiosmosis through ATP channels.
     
     
     
     
  15. The electron transport chain requires , therefore the entire pathway is called metabolism, or respiration.
     
     
     
     
  16. Other macromolecules such as and can also enter cellular respiration via different pathways.
     
     
     
     
  17. In conditions, glycolysis is followed by , which regenerates the electron receptor NAD+ , and allows glyocolysis to continue generating .
     
     
     
     
    Respiration: review and exercise. 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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