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Part 2: The Living Cell Cells Review
  1. Organisms are made of , which are mostly small to maintain a high surface-to- ratio for exchange between the environment and the semifluid .
     
     
     
     
  2. Microscopes have increased to visualize the microscopic cells.
     
     
     
     
  3. The plasma that encloses all cells is a fluid consisting of a phospholipid in which proteins are embedded.
     
     
     
     
  4. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei or other membrane-bound and are usually encased in a rigid cell .
     
     
     
     
  5. Eukaryotic cells contain and can be categorized into two main types: cells and cells.
     
     
     
     
  6. The contains the cell's genetic material and serves as the command and control center.
     
     
     
     
  7. The system is a transport system made of interior membranes that includes the endoplasmic , the complex, and lysosomes.
     
     
     
     
  8. and are prokaryote-like organelles that appear to be ancient that formed relationships.
       
       
       
       
    • The mitochondrion is called the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site of metabolism, providing energy for the cell.
       
       
       
       
    • The chloroplast is the site of and are present in plants and algal cells.
     
     
     
     
  9. The interior of the cell contains a network of protein fibers, called the , that provides support and mobility for the cell.
       
       
       
       
    • Centrioles anchor and assemble in animal cells.
       
       
       
       
    • Cilia and are locomotor appendages that propel cells through the environment.
       
       
       
       
    • Molecular move vesicles along tracks with the motor proteins and .
     
     
     
     
  10. Central are storage centers in plant cells.
     
     
     
     
  11. Plants have cell that function to support and protect the cell.
     
     
     
     
  12. Animal cells lack cell walls but contain an outer layer of matrix.
     
     
     
     
  13. Materials pass into and out of the cell passively through and .
     
     
     
     
  14. Substances dissolved in liquid (solution) are called .
       
       
       
       
    • A (hypertonic) solution contains higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, and water moves of the cell.
       
       
       
       
    • A (hypotonic) solution contains lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell, and water moves the cell.
       
       
       
       
    • An solution contains equal concentration of solutes outside the cell as inside the cell.
     
     
     
     
  15. Large substances move into and out of the cell through bulk transport mechanisms of and , respectively, without crossing the plasma membrane.
     
     
     
     
  16. Cell membranes contain protein channels that allow permeability: the transport of specific materials across the membrane.
       
       
       
       
    • Facilitated is driven by the concentration gradient, transporting substances their concentration gradient through a protein.
       
       
       
       
    • transport requires energy to move substances (against) concentration gradients through a protein; examples include the -potassium pump and the pump.
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