Bio1100 notes

Chap 01 The Science of Biology

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology

metabolism Meta=change: metamorphosis; kingfisher Africa/Asia POSTPONE to ch06/energy_flow.html. DNA DNA explained in organiz-cellular homeostasis 98.6 F=37 C; FISH PEE. Hippo no sweat glands. organiz-population organiz-cellular Matter: has mass and occupies space. F GAT F GAT Gattaca. kingdom_Protista BBC-BluePlanet/3.5_SeasonalSeas/#13:25 Kelp/bryozoans/Sea Otter feeds on shellfish kingdom_Bacteria rotten eggs geysers hot springs. deductive Hypotheses should be deductive: make predictions (behavior lab)? scientific FALSIFIABLE: coins. TODO: objective limits of science. ===

	6ePre: 1=e  2=b  3=a  4=c  5=D
	6ePos: 1=e  2=E? 3=b  4=C variables (organic/chemical fertilizer=Variables; unfertilized=control)
	5=B control

Chap 02 Evolution and Ecology

Chapter 2: Evolution and Ecology

Darwin Survey ocean around S. America, 23 years essay from Alfred Wallace - present Linnean Society. NATGEO-DarwinsSecretNotebooks/#29:00 (576.82092 DAR) Coral atoll-31:00 how are islands colonized: birds FEET! voyage BBC-Galapagos/#10:20 Blue-footed Booby diving; 14:30 Marine Iguana; 30:30 Galapagos Hawk fossil Pleistocene (2 M - 10K) 2K kg=4400 pounds. galapagos 600 mi (1000 km) w of Ecuador. Cactus a ground finch but eats fruits & flowers, not seeds. finch_diversity BBC-LifeOfBirds/1.3_TheInsatiableAppetite/#32:25 Title 3 chap 7 woodpecker -> finch -> 36:05 Crow On left: tree finches (vegetarian buds); large tree parrot-like beak strips bark -> insects -> warbler On rite: ground (cactus finch fruit and flowers, like cousin vegetarian) Santa Cruz in middle, w airport. Geospiza/Tribulus SEEDS PUNCTUREVINE population_progression ECONOMIST Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798; logarithmic. natural_selection 50-200 eggs, 2 - 8 nests a season. 304.27 DOG Dogs decoded 50 generations foxes artificial selection + cross-fostering 1959, Russia Darwin_monkey REDO monkeys. John Scopes Tennessee teacher 1925 law: William Jennings Bryan/Clarence Darrow ===

	6e post
	1=T  2=F?
	6=E  7=D  8=C  9=A  10=E
	         12=E 13=B

Chap 03 The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 3: The Chemistry of Life

electrons Orbitals: spdf; 1 Orbital holds 2 electrons. shells N has 2+5=7 electrons. bond-ionic Prefix an/anti=not: apathy, anonymous. Anode = anions move to: - in battery (current flows in) + in gel electrophoresis. bond-covalent Tutorial

is 2 hydrogens. bond-hydrogen δ delta charges water_properties cohesion PAPERCLIP, FORK; sonar; territory; graduated cylinder Clark's/Western grebe crop (Oregon). oil in soap (phobic + philic)spreads, break surface tension Fire ants raft Superswarms II 52:20-55:45 Fire ants form floating life rafts. water hydrogen⁺ ion actually Hydronium H₃O⁺ pH Logarithmic=raise base (10) to power or exponent. Mole=6.02�10²³/l (kg). buffer Review: HCO₃^- has lost H⁺, so H₂CO₃ is an acid. ===

	6ePre 1=B  2=A!  3=D  4=B?  5=A

Chap 04 Molecules of Life

Chapter 4: Molecules of Life

dehydration Dehydration=condensation. amino-acid L-enantiomers (optical) This diagram shows NH3+ COO-; functional group (R) in later diagrams. N has 7 electrons (3 bonds) protein-structure2 Bilirubin excreted in bile stored in gallbladder. nitrogenous-bases methylation of Uracil = Thymine. helix antiparallel in ch12 sugar Fructose=mono. Lactose=galactose+glucose; glucose=low Glycemic, sucrose=medium. D-enantiomers Alcohol=C-OH hydroxyl. sucrose High fructose corn syrup: processed by liver, not insulin -> triglycerides (fats) polysaccharides Glycogen Loading: carb depletion/loading; fat compensates for low carb; prolonged carb feeding -> insulin resistance. carbohydrate-chitin ARTHROPODs; CICADA lives 2 weeks! BBC-LifeInTheUndergrowth/1.2_TakingToTheAir/#42:50 The Giant Mayfly lives 1/2 hour! === 6epost: 1=a 2=d 3=c 4=d 5=c 6=t 7=t 8=b 9=c 10=a 11=a 12=a 13=c 14=d 15=F 16=T? 17=b 18=A 19=d 20=a

Chap 05 Cells

Chapter 5: Cells

cell_size2 TENNISBALL earth metric. Paremecium 100 µm not visible. microscope-differential POLARIZED GLASSES. microscope-phase transparent phase-plate bilayer soap bubble=3 layers membrane_proteins Cholesterol: testo, progest/estradiol, cortisol. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Flu RNA virus (-sense to +sense) epithelial cells nose, throat, lungs. antidepressant, serotonin a neurotransmitter prokaryotic Bacterial cell wall: peptidoglycan cell-animal Centrosome contains a pair of centrioles. Plant centrosomes not organized as centrioles. ER Factory; "within cytoplasm" "little net". golgi "Mailroom" mitochondrion cytoskeleton Focus on microtubules - cilia. Fiber: bundles of polymers or chains. Cytoskeleton diversity: microtubules flagella 9 triplets; trachea epithelial cells of respiratory tract. ANIMATION in chap 6. osmosis RAISIN/GRAPES/SALT: 2 cups/chopsticks; drink from a lake or an ocean? Reverse: reclaim wastewater in CA; rm contaminants; pump thru semipermeable. Desalination Middle East. tonic TOILET TURGID cellulose + lignen 2ndary cell wall; HIPPO pee. endocytosis 2nd serotype 2nd binding not to lysosome. pump Where is ATP made? Mito -> chap 6. ===

	6ePost 1=C? 2=d  3=d  4=d  5=b  6=c  7=d  8=d  9=b 10=c
	      11=F 12=F 13=T 14=B 15=F 16=T 17=F 18=F 19=T 20=F
	      11: Detoxification occurs in peroxisome.

Chap 06 Energy and Life

Chapter 6: Energy and Life

energy energy_flow Peromyscus leucopus/maniculatus, wheat? SUN cannot create energy: fusion of H. Fission=U-236 loses neutron reaction Diagram from ch04/dehydration.html Exergonic (exothermic) must first break bond! gonic suffix? catalysis-activation Cat. converter: unburnt hydrocarbons. Natural gas mostly methane; NO nitric oxide vasodilation -> NO₂ toxic. active-site This example 1 reactant; lysozyme in tears/saliva kill bacteria: peptidoglycan (polysaccharide). Viagra; enzymes_work This example is 2 reactants -> 1 product. enzyme_allosteric Repressed in upper diagram. enzyme_optimal Trypsin made in pancreas; 40°C = 104°F; body temp 37°C. atp_use Japanese honey bees defend against giant honet Rigor mortis: meat from bone=tendon (ligament=bone-bone). Fibroblasts (on slide) secrete collagen/fibronectin (ECM) connective tissue, wound healing. ===

	6ePost 1=a  2=a  3=d  4=b  5=d
	       6=c  7=d  8=b  9=F 10=T
	      11=F 12=T 13=T 14=T 15=A binding site.
	      16=T 17=a 18=c 19=e 20=a

Chap 07 Photosynthesis: Acquiring Energy from the Sun

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Acquiring Energy from the Sun

photosynthesis Vid

also in ch06. H2O released in Calvin: ZIPLOC transpiration. leaf LEAF MINER. mezzo-soprano between soprano/alto sax; mezzanine between floors. TP359.B46 B563 2007 Biofuels 2:00 peat, fossil fuels. absorption Chlorophyll has magnesium + non-heme iron; heme (iron-containing porphyrin) in hemoglobin & myoglobin. plastid. carotenoids BANANA; ORANGE. Xanthophylls=Carotenoid; Anthocyanin: red-blue(pH); sunscreen; antiox. light Blu-ray DVD: violet laser (405 nm), not red (650 nm). 1cm=30 GHz. light-dependent Calvin in stroma. photosystem Revu

calls antenna assembly; Fig 7.8 antenna complex. E donor water next figure acceptor=proton pump/NADPH chemiosmosis-photosynthesis Calvin RuBP -> temporary 6-carbon -> 2*3-carbon ===

	6ePost: 1=c  2=F  3=b(A grana not wrong)  4=b  5=a
	        6=F(ATP already made in light)  7=F(caretenoids "capture" energy?)
	        8=D(photosystem act as antenna) 9=a  10=F (NADPH made in Photosystem I)
	        11=b 12=F (1%)? 13=F 14=A 15=b
	        16=b 17=A 18=F 19=d 20=b

Chap 08 How Cells Harvest Energy from Food

Chapter 8: How Cells Harvest Energy from Food

energy_flow 1st LAW; water released from Calvin. respiration 2nd LAW; glucose breakdown is glycolysis, NOT hydrolysis. acetyl-coA Needs oxygen: oxidize=lose electron; proteins/lipids are also sources. electron_transport_chain 3 PROTON PUMPS. Cyanide x cytochrome c oxidase. O₂ reduced (gain E) to H₂O or superoxide radical. Dengue Flavivirus: translate RNA-dependent RNA polymerase fermentation TP359.B46 B563 2007 Biofuels 7:20 METHANE ferment bacteria -> biogas, sewage treat 9-10:30 ethanol + CO2 distill/dehydrate fermentation-lactate Probiotic: lactic acid bacilli, yeast; colon cancer, cholesterol. lactate exfoliates LACTIC acid -> lactate + proton = acidosis. energy Muscle glycogen & trig used first, -> glucose -> fatty acids (fat breakdown) ===

	6e Anim#3 Krebs: 1=d  2=A?
	       #6 PPump: 1=E to outside! 2=c  3=e  d=T  e=F not permeable!
	   post: 1=F! (CELLULAR respiration)  2=T  3=b  4=d  5=F  6=d  7=T  8=F  9=A  10=T
	        11=F 12=d 13=F 14=T 15=T 16=d 17=e 18=B matrix 19=c 20=c inner membrane

Chap 09 Mitosis

Chapter 9: Mitosis

karyotype Apes: chimp, gor, ora, gibbon, bonobo evolution science chromosome sexual_life Figure from ch10. cell_cycle Revu ERROR: "DNA replicates, producing 2 copies of each chromosome" -> chromatids. mitosis Review does not show cell plate; pro=forward/before; meta=after; ana=back telo=tail/end (karyokinesis). mitosis-anaphase Centromeres replicate; Review Q: 4 sets of chromosomes. mitosis-cytokinesis2 Cell plate from VESICLES -> MEMBRANE! mitosis-metaphase meta=beyond/higher-level: metadata; change: metabolism/morphosis; physics: Aristotle book after "physics". ===

	6eAnim#2 1=c  2=d  3=b  4=F  5=T  
	   post: 1=c  2=d  3=c  4=T(cables)  5=b
	         6=c  7=d(cancer)
	                        19=d 20=c

Chap 10 Meiosis

Chapter 10: Meiosis

sexual_cycle (10-100 Trillion) Fibonacci rabbits Leonardo of Pisa 12 C. Hindu-Arabic numeral sys, golden ratio; pairs mature 1 month meiosis_II Chromosomes re-condense in Prophase II; no DNA synthesis in interphase. synapsis flu has 8 RNA genome, can mix human, swine, avian! reduction chromosome duplication should be DNA dup independent Assortment exercise: just reverse the last B/b pair:

random_fertilization World population 6.7 B. === SHORT chap.

	6eAnim#5 1=e 2=d 3=D (one of each pair of parent cell) 4=F 5=F
	6epost   1=F(gametes haploid, not diploid) 2=A 3=F(strawberry both sexual and asexual) 4=T 5=D!
	         6=B? 7=A 8=B 9=C 10=T?

Chap 11 Foundations of Genetics

Chapter 11: Foundations of Genetics

mendel St Thomas's Abbey in Brno Augustinian monastery Czech Republic pea Fabaceae 1 standard/banner, 2 wings, 2 petals, keel; 1 CARPEL many ovules; BANANA 3, ORANGE 10-13 (a pea has one) design_1 (purebred) WASABI(horseradish root) or ROASTED PEAS. alleles REMOVE or rephrase punnett Exercise:

answer punnett_square Exercise:

1/2 bloodABO Exercise:

drag the X to boxes. Donated blood only RBC, no plasma.

nondisjunction Meiosis II nondisjunction from 1151: use animation to ullustrate; no audio

aneuploidies XXX tall abnormal 2ndary PEAR/APPLE;. Turner (XOH) sterile short. Klinefelter (XXY) sterile tall. XYY: metaphase II. pedigree Carriers not half-filled symbols in tutorial

Huntington "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/gene.cgi?HD|Huntington's Disease|National Institutes of Health Human Gene Map" ===

	7=C Turner XO  9=B Klinefelter XXY  17=A chromosomes  18=C sex-link

Chap 12 DNA: The Genetic Material

Chapter 12: DNA: The Genetic Material

Franklin A FORM, Watson/Crick B FORM (wet); ovarian 37; 2 mi Gurnee 94 Buckley Rd. 572.8092 FRA Secret Photo 51 26:30-28:30 Tinkertoy 37:00 Aaron Klug DNA-double_helix Lab DNA MODEL. helicase replication POL iii elongates; POL I removes primer; ZIPPER fannypack, phone CORD (2 strands of ROPE). Holoenzyme polymerization This diagram shows just 1 of the 2 old strands! strands Reiji Okazaki leukemia Hiroshima. ligase This is a complete review

Summary video

from notes mentions origin of replication, s-s bindingn protein. mutant_fly Mutant=change (red eyes), not grotesque monster: 1/10B mutation rate mutations DELAY AFTER CHAP 13. TODO: use 12_11.jpg when corrected. frame-shift Histidine; col 3. THEBIGBADDOGATETHEBIGFATCAT base_substitution Proline: col 2, row 2, Threonine row 3; 12_11.jpg CCT -> ACT? should be GGA -> TGA transposition Jumping genes: hemophilia, severe combined immunodeficiency, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cancer. ===

	6e post	skip 1-5
	6=d  7=F  8=F  ... too easy ...

Chap 13 How Genes Work

Chapter 13: How Genes Work

central_dogma 1970 Crick: this is MESSENGER RNA transcription Review:

promoter/termination site not in figure; coding/template strands. promoter splice SPLICE PAPER TAPE 576 .5 GRE (551 MIR) Greatest Discoveries Bill Nye: Genetics 32:00-33:45 Alternative splicing Acetaminophen/Tylenol block spliced proteins tRNA ESP genetics/005/mainframe107? RNA can be catalyst! translation-ribosome Codons read 5'-3' Translation animation(HHMI) ===

	6e post
	1=a  2=F  3=d=mRNA (tRNA not wrong) 4=c  5=a
	6=d  7=b  8=c  9=a  10=b
	11=d 12=b      14=c     19=c

Chap 14 Gene Technology

Chapter 14: Gene Technology

plasmid Plasmid -> construct BAC; linearised with restriction enzymes -> YAC. restriction Palindrome dates: 01/02/2010, 11/02/2011. MADAM, STEP ON NO PETS. recombinant SOURCE DNA is human; note unwanted recombinant at bottom. PCR Clone DNA outside cells. Taq polymerase: low accuracy; Pfu DNA(archae) slower, proofread. electrophoresis Anode: current flows into; in battery electrons flow out. Kanten (agar-agar) diet? cDNA treat macula degen - too many blood vessels RNA Interference: microRNA can regulate gene expression Antisense engineering: using complementary mRNA to silence a gene cDNA can be expressed in prokaryote; show differential expression; reverse central DOGMA. mRNA frm pancreas -> insulin. Reverse transcriptase discussed in ch19! applications Flavr Savr antisense gene inhibits degradation of pectin in cell wall, can pick ripe, but not firm. vaccine Herpes: cold sores/genital. Cowpox blisters -> vaccine for smallpox (eliminated). Chickenpox -> kids. BST mastitis=bacterial infection -> antibiotic -> pus Monsanto insulin mellitus=type 1, juvenile-onset GM FDA: Generally Recognized as Safe; substantially equivalent. CUE TP248.65.F66 F88 2004 The future of food 4:10 Gene revo: Roundup/Bt 6:00 gene patent 11K seed patent 9:50 Percy Schmeiser Beta carotene for vitamin A: just eat veg ===

	6ePre
	1=c 
	
	6ePost
	1=d  2=c  3=b  4=  5=

Chap 15 Genomics

Chapter 15: Genomics

sequencing 3 BILL base pairs DNA; phosphate on LEFT in nucleotide diagram, then RIGHT. human_genome QH431 .H435 2007 Genetics video clips Human genome 2004; 20-25k. Dros. 13K. Structural also around telomere. STR Short Tandem Repeat (microsatellites) 2-3 nucleotides; Dup=CG-rich, stain light. Chromosome 11 Flyover skip 3:00-4:00 ubiuilin+olfactory gene Patenting of human genes (CBS 60 Minutes, 4/4, 2010) genome_sizes 3 BILLION bp, not twice the genes of nematode; Tetraodon & Fugu genome_duplication common ancestor 230 MYA should be 430 bony->ray+lobe. Copy 1=chromo 1; 4 genes DUPLICATED on both chromosomes; FUGU slow, air/water in stomach. Ardipithecus 3.2MYA -1:00, 300-> genome_similarity Prosimians: lemur/bushbaby/tarsier; anthropoid=monkeys+apes genome_divergence Chimp 5.4 MYA; MONOTREME (1 opening) diverge SHOULD be 180 MYA, closer than birds 315 MYA. Platypus venom spines ancestral to reptile Platypus genome 3:00 Pangaea geography microarray use cDNA NOVA-scienceNOW/Ep-2 (500 NOV) 2:20 GATTACA 4:30 SNP - 10:30 PSA test (76 MB, 20 min) Neil deGrasse Tyson astrophysicist ===

Chap 16 The Revolution in Cell Technology

Chapter 16: The Revolution in Cell Technology

transplantation 1950's frogs: micropipette, enucleate UV. dolly QH442.2 .F67 2006 For spares or repairs 5:00 cloning dolly (micropipette) 1996-2003; large offsporing syndrome genomic imprinting: methylation turns gene off. genomic_imprinting EPI=on, over; methylation turn off transcription; PRIMARY oocytes at birth, germ-line Epigenetic 3:00-7:10 agouti mice and epigenome (83MB) stem_cells NOVA-scienceNOW/Ep-5 (500 NOV Ep. 5) 3:30 embryonic from IVF clinics, 5:30-10:30 11:40-13:40 remove IPS oncogene; virus vector cure mice sickle (87MB) tissue_repair Should use own stem cells - see next. therapeutic_cloning2 PANCREATIC cells for TYPE I diabetes. QH442.2 .C743 2002 Creation 23:30 egg donor, skin cells -> pellucida 32:30 gene_therapy T-cell Severe Combined Immune Disorder ===

Chap 17 Evolution and Natural Selection

Chapter 17: Evolution and Natural Selection

adapted Iiwi threatened: variation 2009 150 ANNIVERSARY Origin. Tutt 1896, Kettlewell 1952 - 1972. 6:50 0 - 8:80 Peppered moth: 1956 Clean Air Act (What Darwin Didn't Know 3) struggle Myanmar=Burma evolution Punctuated=cladogenesis (Stephen Jay Gould): change in environment. fossil_whales (Pakicetus, Dorudon nostrils); hoofed=ungulate hippo/pig 4 toe Artiodactyla; horse/rhino 1. Baleen embryos had teeth, resorbed. Toothed whales: dolphins, Orca, Sperm, Narwhal. PBS-Evolution/2.2_change/#11:20 ->14:10 Basilosaurus (aquatic) had leg bones, Sinonyx wolf-like mammal 50 MYA. anatomical-homologous Horse phalanges: 1 hoof beneath Tibia, Tarsus (joint), Metatarsus; 2 useless splint bones? anatomical-convergent Pterosaur wing: elongated 4th digit. Bird 4 digits; 3 & 4 support wing; Flying Foxes no echolocation. anatomical-convergent_mammals Convergent evolution anatomical-embryonic Darwin: early pigeon embryos same Hox 17:10 (mole grows paw (30% similar), bat -> wing) NOVA-DarwinNeverKnew 16:10 armadillo 18:45 gill slits(inner ear) 44:00 vertebrate embryos QH453 .W438 2010 Darwin Never Knew molecular-hemoglobin 1 diff human/chimp molecular-cytochrome_c Goat/cow/pig=even toed; hippo hw-conditions DETAILS discussed next. hw-mutations Overall mutation rate 10 billion. hw-selection NOVA-DarwinNeverKnew 22:00 artificial selection - 24:00 natural. QH453 .W438 2010 What Darwin Never Knew === LONG! ADD Hardy-Weinberg and exercises?

Chap 18 How We Name Living Things

Chapter 18: How We Name Living Things

taxonomy Swedish Carl, noble von Linn�: Origin presented in Linnean Society. Anolis carolinensis=Green Anole; S. niger=fox; groundhog; marmots, chipmunks. Quercus_rubra QUERCUS RUBRA LEAVES, ACORNS common_names Zea mays (teosinte), Turdus migratorius (Turdidae), Erithacus rubecula (Muscicapidae) clade ostrich bipedal: speech or symbolic/abstract; pigeon crop milk Sea Lamprey: The Battle Continues|Minnesota Sea Grant|3/6/09 Eukaryote Metazoa Bilateria Deuterostom Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata -> Osteichthyes Sarcopterygii Tetrapods Amniota Synapsida Therapsida Mammalia Eutheria Primates Catarrhini Hominidae Homo cladogram Why turtles closest to mammals? Archosaurs: thecodonts (cone-shaped teeth in socket); snake teeth simply joined to bone; turtle egg tooth. tree_of_life from rRNA analysis, domain-Bacteria Pond Scum(also fix N) -> chloroplasts. Purple: CAROTENOIDS, do not reduce water, use sulfur or H. Rhizobium=Gram-negative proteobacteria; atmosphere 78% N, 21% O. TP359.H8 H948 2005 Hydrogen Hopes rm N & C oxides (GREEN MACHINE "algae": Chlorella=protist; Spirulina=cyano) Glen Kertz pond scum=Nannochloropsis? domain-Archaea Cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein; methanogens CO₂ and H₂ and hydrogen gas domain-Eukarya "Algae" such as kelp & green NOT listed here. endosymbiosis Zooxanthella=flagellate protozoa intracellular BBC-BluePlanet/3.6_CoralSeas/#5:30 Coral polyp structure 6:55 Inside corals are Algae ("plants"=Dinoflagellata) 9:15 polyps fight at night Thornton Quarry: I80/294 ===

	6epost	1=c  2=D(100M)  3=b  4=a  5=C(systematics)
	  6=C(1.5M)  7=a  10=c   
	  11=E(outcrossing)  12=b(RNA)  13=a  14=b  15=D(confusing)   
	  16=d  17=b  18=a  19=A(offspring)

Chap 19 Prokaryotes: The First Single-Celled Creatures

Chapter 19: Prokaryotes: The First Single-Celled Creatures

virus VIRUS LOTTERY HIV infect macrophages (little damage), latent T (thymus) CXCR4 coreceptor: cytotoxic. CUE UP RC607.A26 A3454 2008 AIDS (HHMI) ===

Chap 36 Reproduction and Development

Chapter 36: Reproduction and Development

hermaphroditism Bluehead wrasse gyny=female; clownfish protandry: female largest, breeding male next. Hermes(Greek messenger)=Mercury Aphrodite=Venus PBS-ShapeOfLife/2.3_TheFirstHunter/#37:30 39:30 BBC-LifeInTheUndergrowth/1.1_InvasionOfTheLand/#23:00 sex-determination Sex-determining Region Y; XYY normal. Birds ZW chromosomes. external_fertilization BBC-Life/1_ChallengesOfLife/#33:00-35:45 QH501.L544 2010 Life Octopus dies protecting eggs (577 LIF) homeotherm BBC-Galapagos/#2:07:45 Storm-petrel; Blue-footed Booby mating; Nazca Booby sibling rivalry sperm Centrioles form spindle for 1st zygote division. male_organs Labeling exercise:

epididymis left 2. Seminal vesicles 60% of semen, RECTUM prostate into urethra, bulbourethral clear mucus: neutralize acidic urine. spermatogenesis Sertoli: hormones Germinal called germ-line in ch09. female_organs Clitoris above urethra, homologous to penis. FSH/LH -> follicle -> corpus luteum oogenesis 2M primary oocytes prophase I @ birth. 300-400 ovulated/life; Corpus luteum secretes progesterone. Clomiphene inhibits negative feedback on hypothalamus for Gonadotropins (LH FSH). ===

Chap 37 Populations and Communities

Chapter 37: Populations and Communities

growth Exponential=GEOMETRIC growth-exponential egg case 10-20 eggs. growth-logistic Fur seals eared sea lions unlike Elephant Seal (Alaska) competition Barnacles=arthropods, not molluscs; no gills: gas exchange diffuse thru thin exoskeleton. resource_partitioning Blackburnian orange throat: tips of coniferous/deciduous leaves Bay-breasted: middle Myrtle (Yellow-rumped) lower Cape May high Black Throated Green apex (Yellow warbler summer resident) symbiotic-mutualism IMAX-Coralfilm/#9:45 Goby/Bulldozer Shrimp (Dolby, #3: Great Barrier Reef) Galapagos Sea Lion/Lava Lizard. symbiotic-mutualism_acacia Beltian bodies: lipids and proteins. symbiotic-parasitism Monarch caterpillar defense against parasite BBC-LifeInTheUndergrowth/1.2_TakingToTheAir/#18:40 Cabbage White damage attracts parasitoid 22:10 grubs BBC-LifeInTheUndergrowth/2.1_IntimateRelations/#11:30 QL362 .A88 Parasitoid wasp oviposits into gall wasp larva; 44:10 Ichneumon wasp "www.york.ac.uk/depts/biol/units/symbiosis/intra-symbiosis.html|Intracellular symbioses in insects|U. of York" symbiotic-brood_parasitism BBC-LifeOfBirds/3.8_DemandsOfTheEgg/#42:00 cowbird/gnatcatcher cowbird rm L egg 1/3 way 500 NOV NOVA scienceNOW 2009, episode 7: symbiotic-ectoparasitism Cuscuta haustoria. symbiotic-endoparasitism Trichinella, Heartworm dogs predation Moose 2 large/2 small toes: Order Artiodactyla keystone QH325 ShapeOfLife Ultimate Animal 35:30 Sea star preying on mussel === This chap long; but chap 38 short.

Chap 38 Ecosystems

Chapter 38: Ecosystems

consumers BBC-Galapagos/#10:20 Blue Footed booby fed on by Ghost Crab detritivore 12:40 food_web Who eats human? Hawk on weasel? heterotrophs Beetle elytra (350K species) solar radiation=absorb energy w/o direct contact; Solstice: 12/21-6, Vernal/Autumn equinox 3/21-9. Tilt 23.5^�; GLEN ELLYN 41.87°N. rain_shadow Gobi Desert in Asia cycle_water TRANSPIRATION BAG; perspiration, URINATION: fish pee; urethra. cycle_carbon cycle_nitrogen Fertilizer: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium K. Nitrification: ammonium -> nitrite -> nitrate ions; 78% atmosphere, 21% O. lightning 3%. cycle_phosphorus phosphor=fluorescent CRT deep-vent beardworms=tube worms; "marine snow", discovered 1977 Galapagos Rift; 350°C cools to 2°C. BBC-PlanetEarth/4.2_OceanDeep/#25:00 Hydrothermal vent 9� North Galapagos open-sea OCEAN surface 71%. BBC-PlanetEarth/4.2_OceanDeep/#1:30 Whale Shark feeds on plankton BBC-BluePlanet/3.5_SeasonalSeas/#4:50 Phytoplankton; 11:25 Basking Shark filters plankton shallow_waters Shallow MOST sunlight, open-sea still SOME light. Continental shelf: 20 m, shelf break, slope. deep-sea Flashlight fish Photoblepharon steinitzi. terrestrial-chaparral Chapparal MAGAZINE. ===

Chap 39 Behavior and the Environment

Chapter 39: Behavior and the Environment

meadowlark EASTERN meadowlark summer breeder; yellow high into cheek: TESTOSTERONE Eastern meadowlark sign_stimulus Gander mulch; territorial in breeding; CUCKOO feeding white-crowned_sparrow 3 white stripes, summer in Canada. Mimics: mockingbird, brown thrasher, gray catbird. associative_learning Nobel 1904 NSN_SeaLions.mp4 sea lion, NOT HARP SEAL imprinting BBC-PlanetEarth/4.1_SeasonalForests/#22:05 Mandarin Ducks jump (join brood by imprinting). cognition Common RAVEN west and NE: Corvus, bigger, huge bill, shaggy throat. BBC-LifeOfBirds/1.3_TheInsatiableAppetite/#7:35 Acorn woodpecker QL785 .A656 Animal minds intersexual_selection fancy/decorated peacock makes Darwin "sick" mate choice; cannot fly out of BROOKFIELD Female praying mantis eats male after mating intrasexual_selection Kings of Camouflage: sperm packet like katydid spermatophore BBC-Life/8_CreaturesOfTheDeep/#23:30 577 LIF 2010 Life/Creatures of the Deep Australian Giant Cuttlefish sneakers NATGEO-DevilsOfTheDeep/#33:00 594.58 DEV 2008 Devils of the deep -27:50-28:30 cuttlefish sneakers waggle_dance pheromones Liquid Trust - 100% Oxytocin Hormone Spray auditory Stand up to snakes. altruistic non-Darwin; meerkats inspection. kin_selection kin relatedness bee-eaters nest in riverbank/cliff ===

Chap 40 How Humans Influence the Living World

Chapter 40: How Humans Influence the Living World

amphibia Rana muscosa wetland, acid precip; chytrid fungus spread in banana crates: flagellated spores. Rana catesbeiana=Bull, pipiens=N. leopard. extinction North Atlantic and Southern bluefin tuna (Albacore); Atlantic cod Georges (Cape Cod) Grand 9Newfoundland) Banks. Nuisance Fish DVD. Bighead/Silver Carp 1970s improve water quality: remove algae/plankton in aquaculture ponds. habitat_loss QE31 .S722 2008 Earth the Biography 1:24:50 only Baobab trees left Madagascar QB631.2 .B5842 2001 Blue planet 29:00 topsoil into Gulf; Yangtze; Betsiboka River/Madagascar; Orinoco 32:30 Amazon smoke biological_magnification 1/3M -> 10K fold; cyanide water-soluble; fugu wears off. Virus, not lice; FDR. OSPREY, TUNA: herring/sardines/anchovies. ozone_hole August=winter. Lower stratosphere 10 km-50 km; stratosphere 20 km; aerosol disperser, foaming agent, greenhouse_effect sulfur_pollution New Mexico/Arizona/Colorado/Utah acid_precipitation Kill mycorrhyzae, excess protons release cation minerals from soil. nuclear_power <1% in nature; reactor-grade=3%; weapons 90. Fukushima Daiichi Reactor 2011 quake. ethanol Sugarcane, oil palms; GM yeast cellulose in addition to starch. any engine can run 10% ethanol, not E-85; tortilla Mexico. human_population_growth health care, sanitation, education: Drug War! footprint US footprint (at bottom) 9.7 hectares * 2.47 = 24 acres ===


Bio1100 notes	Updated: May 04, 2012.	Peter Chen